The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.